Nectar in a Sieve

D AP World History Theme Analysis Our world is impacted by many things. Social structures, politics, economics, the environment, and our interactions affect how we live. They create the history of our world. In Nectar in a Sieve, many of these themes are represented. Gender roles and relations have always had an impact in societies. Men often believe they have the upper hand over women. It shows in the way females are treated. When Rumi was married to Nathan, she had to leave her family and go to his land.He didn’t have to live where show comfortable or on a neutral territory. Young women are often uprooted from their family and rarely see them again. When Ira had a child out of wedlock, she was looked down upon by many. However when a man does the same, there is no judgment and criticism. Nate impregnated Kunthi twice yet Rumi took him back without a problem (p. 84-85) Agricultural and pastoral productions are the center of life for millions of humans. The same can be said fo r the characters in Nectar in a Sieve.In the village, farming is how most survive. They live off the land. Without the land, there’s no income or food. They sell their crops, give their profit to the landlord, and save a portion of the crops for their families. Rumi and Nathan grow a variety of crops. When nature doesn’t work in their favor, their lives become difficult. Often the crops are ruined by droughts. During these times everyone struggles to survive. Rumi’s family became malnourished when the rains didn’t deliver. Her son, Kuti died from starvation. p. 99-100) The importance of the land is shown when they lose their land and homelessness is forced upon them. (p. 130-135) Land represented hope for Rumi. (p. 132) Without agriculture, the villagers would not survive. Trade and commerce is one of the main ways humans gain what they need. In Nectar in a Sieve, trade controls who has what and who survives. The tannery is the center of commerce. Village rs come to buy and bargain. As the years past, Rumi watches the tannery change, for worst in her opinion.It becomes harder to sell, trade, and buy because the economics of village change as new people move in. The tannery is looked at as the place of money so two of her sons get jobs there. Rumi resents the tannery because it represents change that she feels is not needed. Although themes look complicated on paper, they fit perfectly into our world and the world in Nectar in a Sieve. Male and females have double standards. Agriculture is the basis of life and survival in the village. Trade and commerce help villagers make money and get necessities to survive. These themes translate into real life.

The Effects of Lsd

LSD was first synthesized on November 16, 1938 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland as part of a large research program searching for medically useful ergot alkaloid derivatives. LSD's psychedelic properties were discovered 5 years later when Hofmann himself accidentally ingested an unknown quantity of the chemical. The first intentional ingestion of LSD occurred on April 19, 1943, when Hofmann ingested 250 mg of LSD. He said this would be a threshold dose based on the dosages of other ergot alkaloids.Hofmann found the effects to be much stronger than he anticipated. Sandoz Laboratories introduced LSD as a psychiatric drug in 1947. Beginning in the 1950s the US Central Intelligence Agency began a research program code named Project MKULTRA. Experiments included administering LSD to CIA employees, military personnel, doctors, other government agents, prostitutes, mentally ill patients, and members of the general public in order to study thei r reactions, usually without the subject's knowledge. The project was revealed in the US congressional Rockefeller Commission report in 1975.In 1963 the Sandoz patents expired on LSD. Also in 1963, the US Food and Drug Administration classified LSD as an Investigational New Drug, which meant new restrictions on medical and scientific use. [ Several figures, including Aldous Huxley, Timothy Leary, and Al Hubbard, began to advocate the consumption of LSD. LSD became central to the counterculture of the 1960s. On October 24, 1968, possession of LSD was made illegal in the United States. The last FDA approved study of LSD in patients ended in 1980, while a study in healthy volunteers was made in the late 1980s.Legally approved and regulated psychiatric use of LSD continued in Switzerland until 1993. Today, medical research is resuming around the world. Lysergic acid diethylamide, abbreviated LSD or LSD-25, also known as lysergide (INN) and colloquially as acid, is a semisynthetic psyche delic drug of the ergoline family, well known for its psychological effects which can include altered thinking processes, closed and open eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual experiences, as well as for its key role in 1960s counterculture.It is used mainly as an entheogen, recreational drug, and as an agent in psychedelic therapy. LSD is non-addictive, is not known to cause brain damage, and has extremely low toxicity relative to dose. However, adverse psychiatric reactions such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions are possible. LSD was first synthesized by Albert Hofmann in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical derived by Arthur Stoll from ergot, a grain fungus that typically grows on rye. The short form â€Å"LSD† comes from its early code name LSD-25, which is an abbreviation for the German â€Å"Lysergsaure-diethylamid† followed by a sequential number.LSD is sensitive to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and chlorine, especially in solution, though its potency may last for years if it is stored away from light and moisture at low temperature. In pure form it is a colorless, odorless, tasteless solid. LSD is typically delivered orally, usually on a substrate such as absorbent blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. In its liquid form, it can also be administered by intramuscular or intravenous injection. LSD is very potent, with 20–30  µg (micrograms) being the threshold dose.New experiments with LSD have started in 2009 for the first time in 40 years. Introduced by Sandoz Laboratories, with trade-name Delysid, as a drug with various psychiatric uses in 1947, LSD quickly became a therapeutic agent that appeared to show great promise. In the 1950s, officials at the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) thought the drug might be applicable to mind control and chemical warfare; the agency's MKULTRA research program propagated the drug among young servicemen and students.The subsequent recreational use of the drug by yo uth culture in the Western world during the 1960s led to a political firestorm that resulted in its prohibition. Currently, a number of organizations—including the Beckley Foundation, MAPS, Heffter Research Institute and the Albert Hofmann Foundation—exist to fund, encourage and coordinate research into the medicinal and spiritual uses of LSD and related psychedelics. LSD can cause pupil dilation, reduced or increased appetite, and wakefulness.Other physical reactions to LSD are highly variable and nonspecific, some of which may be secondary to the psychological effects of LSD. Among the reported symptoms are numbness, weakness, nausea, hypothermia or hyperthermia, elevated blood sugar, goose bumps, heart rate increase, jaw clenching, perspiration, saliva production, mucus production, sleeplessness, hyperreflexia, and tremors. Some users, including Albert Hofmann, report a strong metallic taste for the duration of the effects.LSD is not considered addictive by the medi cal community. Rapid tolerance build-up prevents regular use,[citation needed] and cross-tolerance has been demonstrated between LSD, mescaline[ and psilocybin. This tolerance diminishes after a few days after cessation of use and is probably caused by down regulation of 5-HT2A receptors in the brain. LSD's psychological effects (colloquially called a â€Å"trip†) vary greatly from person to person, depending on factors such as previous experiences, state of mind and environment, as well as dose strength.They also vary from one trip to another, and even as time pass during a single trip. An LSD trip can have long-term psych emotional effects; some users cite the LSD experience as causing significant changes in their personality and life perspective [citation needed]. Widely different effects emerge based on what Timothy Leary called set and setting; the â€Å"set† being the general mindset of the user, and the â€Å"setting† being the physical and social environ ment in which the drug's effects are experienced.Some psychological effects may include an experience of radiant colors, objects and surfaces appearing to ripple or â€Å"breathe†, colored patterns behind the closed eyelids (eidetic imagery), an altered sense of time (time seems to be stretching, repeating itself, changing speed or stopping), crawling geometric patterns overlaying walls and other objects, morphing objects, a sense that one's thoughts are spiraling into themselves, loss of a sense of identity or the ego (known as â€Å"ego death†), and other powerful psycho-physical reactions. Many users experience dissolution between themselves and the â€Å"outside world†.This unitive quality may play a role in the spiritual and religious aspects of LSD. The drug sometimes leads to disintegration or restructuring of the user's historical personality and creates a mental state that some users report allows them to have more choice regarding the nature of their o wn personality. If the user is in a hostile or otherwise unsettling environment, or is not mentally prepared for the powerful distortions in perception and thought that the drug causes, effects are more likely to be unpleasant than if he or she is in a comfortable environment and has a relaxed, balanced and open mindset.LSD causes an altered sensory experience of senses, emotions, memories, time, and awareness for 6 to 14 hours, depending on dosage and tolerance. Generally beginning within thirty to ninety minutes after ingestion, the user may experience anything from subtle changes in perception to overwhelming cognitive shifts. Changes in auditory and visual perception are typical. Visual effects include the illusion of movement of static surfaces (â€Å"walls breathing†), after mage-like trails of moving objects (â€Å"tracers†), the appearance of moving colored geometric patterns (especially with closed eyes), an intensification of colors and brightness (â€Å"spa rkling†), new textures on objects, blurred vision, and shape suggestibility. Users commonly report that the inanimate world appears to animate in an unexplainable way; for instance, objects that are static in three dimensions can seem to be moving relative to one or more additional spatial dimensions. Many of the basic visual effects resemble the phosphine seen after applying pressure to the eye and have also been studied under the name â€Å"form constants†.The auditory effects of LSD may include echo-like distortions of sounds, changes in ability to discern concurrent auditory stimuli, and a general intensification of the experience of music. Higher doses often cause intense and fundamental distortions of sensory perception such as synesthesia, the experience of additional spatial or temporal dimensions, and temporary dissociation. The potential uses of LSD end of life anxiety, alcoholism, pain, cluster headaches, spiritual, and creativity. These are the potential adv erse effects: adverse drug interactions, mental disorders, and suggestibility and also psychosis.

Language as a Highway

There are about five thousand languages throughout the world now, and that doesn’t even include the hand languages. As a matter of fact, Languages are the most powerful inventions ever. Languages are important highways that allow people to communicate within the world of different nations and cultures. Without language we wouldn’t be able to communicate with one another and spread ideas. Languages are highways that connect the past and the present. Without language there would be no way that we would ever have known what happened in the past. â€Å"Language is a highway linking all peoples and all ages. Mama was wrong to use language as a wall. † Sometimes language can be a wall that breaks the connection between the people. In contract, Many foreign use their lack of language skills as an excuse to wrap themselves up, refusing to communicate with other people. There are positive and negative sides in language, and it depends on how well you using it. It’s really important and useful for people to use language as a highway. Undoubtedly, language is the foundation of communication, and communicating is an inseparable part of our lives. We always share our feelings and emotions through the highway of language. Can you imagine if no one in the entire world understands you, you could only talk to yourself, and all you could hear was your own voice? In addition to expressing emotions, it’s also requisite for our everyday study. We wouldn’t be able to express our ideas and thoughts without language, and we wouldn’t be able to learn. We should all use it as a convenient highway instead of a wall. There is a saying, â€Å"High thoughts must have high language. † In fact, I’m totally agreed with that. No matter how intelligent you are, without the language you wouldn’t be able to express any of your ideas. Furthermore, language is a window to our heart which could send our feelings out. Let the language be a highway for you, instead of a wall.

A sociological analysis of how family life may influence dependent Essay

A sociological analysis of how family life may influence dependent childrens opportunities to develop their sporting potential - Essay Example It is a part of common knowledge that child starts his initial stage of learning in his family. A dependent child lacks the healthy family backgrounds and natural surroundings that facilitate gradual development in various skills. The feeling of surety and care help the child to generate the status of mental and physical fitness. Dependent children are prevented from experiencing love, protection, tenderness, co-operation and self respect. It results severe development problems for those children. Both mental and physical fitness is essential for the structured development of sporting potential. The life of dependent child arises some questions about the process of natural growth having care, encouragement and motivation. Even though, parents may feel initially it is good to be needed, then this can change in to an exhausting way. A child’s dependent status always based on his own decisions and the chance of revision and modification are impossible. â€Å"A dependent child is vulnerable to exploitation and revictimization because he/she has a tendency to attach to anyone who he/she feels attends to their physical or emotional needs† (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Urquiza & Winn, 1994). A dependent child faces his life not very seriously. ... good structure of communication between the athletes and these families during games and education of the families on how to be a resource for the athletes helped athletes to enjoy their family’s support (Jowett, S., Lavallee, D. & Lavallee, D. 2007, p. 239). Noemie P. Beaulieu makes relevant studies in the field of the development problems among the dependent children. Author argues that dependent children often subjected to less sporting potential and are less likely to engage organized sports activities. Author observes; â€Å"This condition makes field-dependent children have a less positive experience in learning new sports skills for which they are usually unaware of the inherent relationship at the beginning stage of learning† (Beaulieu, 2008, p. 173). Consequently, these children have faced various problems in various fields such as less capacity in sports skills, low level physical fitness and poor confidence level. Psychological theories like social learning t heory and cognitive theory highlights the process of behavior formation of a child through imitation and continuous observation. Family life and experiences have a significant role in providing opportunities for young children to develop sporting spirits. â€Å"Sport can contribute significantly to international, national and local efforts to give children a healthy start† (Sport for children and youth, n. d. p.80). Family atmosphere of a child provides motivation and encouragement for children in practicing various activities. In case of a dependent child, it is clear that he lacks the care and attention of his real parents. Here, his life lacks encouragement and frequent emotional support. It clearly affects the development of his sporting potential. Parents in many families have given attention in

Confronting the problem of the low level of students academic Research Paper

Confronting the problem of the low level of students academic performance - Research Paper Example Excelling in academics is a universal concern in today’s world,where students from a very early age are taught to compete and work hard towards academic success This poses a serious relational and interpersonal challenge not only for the students and their parents, but is also troubling for teachers and professionals linked to the academia. Why is it that despite equal resources being invested in all pupils, some perform well and others don’t? In a school system where academic success spells out life success, this question is as compelling as it is haunting – does a low academic performance in school doom the pupil to eternal failure for the rest of his life? Through this research essay, the problem of low academic performance will be looked at closely through the help of relevant case studies and connected to the fundamental concepts of Social Intelligence. Moreover, the role of leading administrators will be assessed in such academic environments, and the strat egies needed to facilitate academic performance will be elaborated upon. The concept of Social Intelligence, as advocated by Karl Albrecht, is central to the understanding of low academic performance as an interpersonal challenge.First coined by E. L. Thorndike, the term Social Intelligence has been further described by Albrecht in his book â€Å"Social Intelligence:The New Science of Success† as â€Å"the ability to get along well with others and to get them to cooperate with you†. In the classroom, interacting with peers and teachers is crucial for one’s academic performance.Academic performance therefore has a link with academic performance, with multiple researches focusing on whether low academic performance has an impact on poor social relations or vice versa. Results of the research It was initially believed that IQ was an objective means of measuring intelligence, where a high IQ meant a high intelligence (Stanford-Binet, 2013). However, more recent rese arch reveals that an individual’s intelligence comprises of different types, of which IQ is only one part. Although Professor Gardener first spoke of the concept of multiple intelligences, it was Albrecht who placed these multiple intelligences in six categories, namely, Abstract, Social, Practical, Emotional, Aesthetic and Kinesthetic – abbreviated as ASPEAK. He spoke of these six intelligences as â€Å"the six faces of a cube, all come together to form a whole† (Albrecht, K. 2006). Thus, from Albrecht’s words, it is easy to see one’s intelligence as a combination of different skills, and not a result of a single isolated factor. In analyzing a person’s intelligence, therefore, it is important that IQ is not the only factor being taken into account, and the individual’s interpersonal skills are also included in an analysis of his intelligence. The modern education system is a perfect example of a setting where one’s cognitive and social skills are tested together. Excelling in academics is as important as finding acceptance among peers, and pupils often struggle to strike a balance between both (Cillessen, 2010). Moreover, in a context where students have to interact with peers as well as authority on a regular basis, the success one has in his interpersonal relations may have an impact on how well he performs in academics. A student is hesitant to ask his or her teacher for help, or feels awkward while approaching his peers had less chances of having confusions regarding academics clarified. The

The influence of media (such as video games, violent television, etc.) Term Paper

The influence of media (such as video games, violent television, etc.) on children - Term Paper Example Our children are being raised in an increasingly media dependent world. From the day they are born we use the silencing melodies from the radio to hush them to sleep. As toddlers and preschoolers we rely on television to help us teach them their basic counting and reading skills. Once they hit grade school, television is one way by which we hope to keep them occupied long enough for us to get other work done around the house before helping them with their studies and assignments. We get them on the internet in order to do research that is necessary for the completion of their homework. They stay in touch with their group study and class project team mates via twitter and Facebook. Obviously mass media has become a very important tool in the mental and social development of our children. The question is, how much of this influence that we allow them to be exposed to is positive? And when does it cross the line towards the negative? We have to admit that media is something that we can no longer do without in our lives. It is the greatest mover, shaker, and shaper of our cultural values and social identities. The impact of media over our lifestyle can easily be seen in the way our attitudes and beliefs change over time. This is also a change that is reflected in the way our children are growing up. (Oak, â€Å"Positive Effects of Media†). Experts have coined the term â€Å"Viewtrition† in order to describe the method by which parents should oversee the quality of the television that their children are watching ( Durrani, â€Å"TV Is Positive Influence On Child Development†). When questioned as to whether television delivered any positive impact on their childs lives, parents responded that: â€Å"Despite the negativity often associated with children watching TV, eight out of 10 parents questioned believed it has a positive effect on their childs development, including

Analysis of Silkos Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Analysis of Silkos Style - Essay Example The writer has introduced his work by a rhetoric question to the reader â€Å"What about Silko’s Style?† putting across the argument topic. And in the conclusion gave the final appeal and suggested the reader to decide which argument is better. The piece invokes the reader’s curiosity as a question is asked and then points are laid down so that the reader is persuaded to accept the writer’s argument (Faigley and Selzer). The writers chose a direct and simple language to make it easier for the reader to understand his point. As a reader, the piece is easy to grasp the point and makes it interesting to read. The point from the first paragraph â€Å"simple, straightforward, unadorned – because she wants her readers to accept her narrative as credible and trustworthy†, was the most significant as it shows that rhetorical choices made by writers are for achieving certain effects on readers (Faigley and Selzer). The writers repeated the word rhetoric many times in the second paragraph however it does not seem redundant because they have used it carefully and in a different manner each time. Another point that is about Silko’s writing style is discussed a few times in the piece however it is for stressing the point of rhetoric choices writers make and the words used every time are different. The central point of the piece is â€Å"Textual rhetorical analysis employs rhetorical terminology† (Faigley and Selzer). As the writer used a rhetoric question, similarly in news paper’s articles, motivational and public speakers and in many literary works rhetoric question and rhetoric analysis is used to persuade the audience. This reminds of a very good orator US President Obama’s acceptance speech in 2008, in which he posted a famous rhetoric question â€Å"What is that American promise†, and is claimed that his rhetoric strategies persuade, bring home the point and convey his vision to his audience in a very clear manner and their hearts and minds get swayed (Leanne, 1).

Business ethics Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business ethics - Movie Review Example The movie highlights how corporates dominate the economy; lobbying and the political culture impact their policies to make dents in the life of citizens. It refers to the efforts of the right-thinking people who are out to fight the domination of the corporates. How the social system is controlled by the corporates taking advantage of the lacunas in the democratic structure and the latitude of time available to them through long court battles. The message is clear and straightforward. There is possibility for the change and that change is inevitable. Time is running out for the corporates unless they mend their ways and turn people-friendly, by genuinely discharging their Corporate Social Responsibilities. They are in the threshold of threats of violating the human rights, through their business mode. The movie demands a serious review whether the corporates serve the public good and the responsibility towards its stakeholders-- the public. On the other hand the work-force on its establishment is converted into unethical instruments and remains there for livelihood. The movie examines the theory of Corporate Social

Sustainable Business Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Sustainable Business Development - Essay Example , burning of coal and extraction of oil require abundant energy sources as well it places very high demands on water resources adding up to a huge and costly impact towards the production process (Nehring 2009, 3074). Pollution results as a by-product of the process and is considered as a negative externality. The production of fossil fuels resulting in air and water pollution is through oil spills, dumping of the waste materials into water sources  and emission of toxic gases into the environment. The more fossil fuel is produced, the more environmental pollution results (Levitan et al. 2014, 122). The company’s producing the fuels may bear some of the associated costs of pollution, but not all  and the remaining costs are borne by the society. Air pollution is associated with the production of greenhouse gases that are associated with climate change resulting in the occurrence of floods, droughts and loss of coastal land. It is important to have property rights imposed by the government to control pollution emission. The government should also be involved in introducing regulation rules, taxation and legislation in an effort of pollution control. This entails passing legislation such as clean air act to address the situation (Aydin et al. 2011, 201). The community should also be involved in reporting pollution matters to the authority to prevent negative externalities of pollution. The cost of fossil fuel production is very high. This entails the cost of labor of mining coal and drilling the oil, the cost involved in building the energy generating plants, cost of transportation of the oil into plants for processing and the cost involved in the manufacturing of the final products. As a result, the fuel prices become expensive to the consumer. Fossil fuel is a non-renewable source of energy, and the reserves are finite (Mohr & Evans 2010, par 1). According to the rate of extraction that takes place it will not take too long before the supply is exhausted. As a

Howard Gardner and Applications of Multiple Intelligences Essay Example for Free

Howard Gardner and Applications of Multiple Intelligences Essay Gardner believes that there are different ways of solving problems and that there are different ways that intellectual ability is manifested or expressed (Gardner, 1993; 1999). What had been accepted in education in general had been to assess students in terms of their capabilities in Science, Math and Language or Communication (English in written and spoken communication). Gardner expanded this to what he termed as multiple intelligence which introduced the domains with which every individual may possess in whatever degree. These domains include, the logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, linguistic, intra and inter-personal, naturalistic and existential intelligences (Gardner, 1993; 1999). There are evidences that support the theory in terms of the biological and cultural underpinnings such as those done on development focused on children, empirical research from individuals with brain damage and persons with giftedness. The theory has significant implications on both structure and curriculum in the educational setting such as the kind of set up with which the classroom is arranged or the strategies employed in introducing material or assessment of learning (Gardner, 1993; 1999). Problem statement Since Gardner believes that the educational setting at all levels must foster and promote the understanding of multiple intelligences the following pertinent parts of the educational set up involving curriculum and assessment strategies must be changed or reformed (Gardner, 1993; 1999). This research therefore attempts to answer the following problem statements: What is Multiple Intelligences as a framework in school? What is the description of a curriculum in the secondary level (high school) incorporating the Gardner theory? In this framework, how can assessment be done on student learning and overall progress of students? Discussion Nature of the learner in the Secondary Level There are basic observations gathered by experts on the kind of learner expected to enter into the secondary level. Since the concept of Multiple Intelligences by Gardner would be revolutionary even today, when in essence, most institutions of learning already recognized the brilliance and applicability of his position. It would be helpful to have alongside in the direction of this notion, quite important figures and principles that would further make the application of the Gardner framework in the secondary level easier to grasp and more feasible to comprehend. The curriculum would serve to reflect how learners inch their way into the classroom and courses they are about to undertake and to finish. It is always important to start right by understanding how the learner apprehends and appreciates the material, his preparation in terms of physical, emotional, and psychological maturity, and the way these materials or knowledge could be absorbed and thereafter applied at the correct time and place. It was Malcolm Knowles (1978, 1990) and his theory andragogy who emphasized the model of adult learning. The premise is based on his hypothesis that the maturation of an individual into adulthood is manifest when people conduct themselves in adult behavior and consider themselves to be adults. Then they should be dealt with as adults. By adulthood people are self-directing. Knowles taught that adult education was special in a several ways. This will mean that the presence or absence of some significant details will improve or pull down adult learning experience. This implies that knowledgeable background on adults and the developmental characteristics of that particular stage will spell effective or disastrous results. This paper attempts to show the various positive and negative learning environments specifically for adults. Positive Learning Environment include: 1. Adult learners carry with them a vast amount of experience to the learning environment. This means that tuning in to their particular psyche creates a conducive atmosphere for learning; 2. Adults expect on the kind of training they are exposed to and how they are to be educated. Example: Unlike the younger learners where most take on passive role, adults have goals in mind and the learning they receive must fall within those predetermined personal goals; 3. the active involvement of students should be encouraged in planning and implementing educational programs; 4. Adults need to be able to see applications for new learning; 5. Adult learners expect to have a high degree of influence on how learning will be evaluated; 6. Adults expect their responses to be acted upon when asked for feedback on the progress of the program. Andragogy is therefore student-centered, experience-based, problem-oriented and collaborative (Brooks, J 1995). On the other hand, the following can influence adults specifically in the learning experience in an unhelpful way. The Negative Learning Environment includes the fact that: 1. some adults can move toward prescribed educational settings with anxiety and feelings of high or low self-efficacy. Their method to new learning milieus can be prejudiced by how they assess or evaluate the new experience. A case in point: given two adults in a classroom where an exercise is about to begin, one individual may interpret the assignment in such a way that leads to a feeling of excitement, while another individual interprets the task in such a way that leads to the feeling of embarrassment. It is a fact that the way the individual interprets the situation and the consequent emotion that arises, will affect the kind of action the individual is to take (Burns, 1995, p.16). Burns considers that such assessments, together with the labels such as fear or anxiety can direct some learners to psychologically disengage from the source of distress that is the learning experience. Conversely, when coupled with labels such as excitement or challenge the learner is conducted to take measures that focus on the undertaking. With this slant, the abovementioned findings just aptly show how the Multiple Intelligences framework is the better if not best option to amplify what adult learning insights have offered and how the issues are met and addressed. It would seem that the Gardner framework can be both an approach in the arrangement of teacher’s approach to the student’s ease assimilating information and training of skills development; Gardner’s framework serves as assessment tool as well to further check and evaluate status of learning as well as secure its usefulness (i.e., training and knowledge) for a future job (Gardner, 1993; 1999). The curriculum then would appear more like a university level type that can be seen as implementation of several tracks, individualized in nature, with personal advising installed, and students are evaluated on their overall grade point average performance. Personality tests that are primarily geared to measure the Gardner â€Å"traits† are indispensable tools to discovering the possession of either or combinations of the â€Å"intelligences† (Gardner, 1993; 1999). On the course or subject level, students are also handled in individual cases but getting used to the variations will be established in the long run and may no longer be as difficult to implement and follow-up. Evaluation of the student performance and any behavioural changes are pertinent tasks that teachers are to be cognizant of. In this manner, the application of formative and summative assessments would not only be appropriate but timely as well. According to studies on the subject, both summative and formative assessments are employed to provide a very objective result as to the efficiency and efficacies not only of the teacher’s methods. The evaluation itself (i.e., assessment for and of learning) is a vital factor that is found to help the student realize his potentials and attenuate the weaknesses he’s had in the process of learning (Northern Arizona University, 2009). I believe that the methods of evaluating the interventions for the problem cannot be easily applied or even seen/grasped. However, this can only be understood well when applied (hands-on) to a particular school, class, and individual during a certain period like during the first half of a given school year. A detailed lesson plan, or syllabus is part of this tool with specific dates and key result areas to serve as a guide. This way, every student has each given the chance to shine his best and not just be a statistic in an otherwise lopsided contest where no real winners are found but instead disillusionment for failed dreams and succumbing to societal pressures are more common and expected. Reference: Brooks, J (1995) Training and Development Competence: a practical guide Kogan Page, London. Burns, S. (1995) Rapid changes require enhancement of adult learning HRMonthly June, pp 16-17. Knowles, M.S. (1978) The Adult Learner: a Neglected Species 2nd edition, Houston: Gulf Publishing Company, Book Division   and Knowles, M.S. 1990 The Adult Learner: a Neglected Species 4th edition, Houston: Gulf Publishing Company, Book Division. Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: the theory in practice. New York, NY: Basic Books. And Gardner, H. (1999). Multiple approaches to understanding. In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models (pp. 69-90). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Northern Arizona University. Formative vs. Summative Evaluation. Retrieved on May 9, (2009), from http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/edtech/etc667/proposal/evaluation/summative_vs._formative.htm

Bay Of Pigs Historiography

Bay Of Pigs Historiography March 1960 marked the future of international relations between the United States and Cuba. The epic battle at the Bay of Pigs defined irrationalities between the two nations. U.S. President of the time, Dwight D. Eisenhower, ordered the central intelligence agency, otherwise known as the CIA, to use their special activities division to train, equip, and lead Cuban exiles in an invasion of Cuba. This was elaborately planned to overthrow the new communist government led by Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz. Eisenhower justified his cooperation for his opposing position stating it was the policy of the United States to aid the anti-Castro guerrilla forces. The original CIA plan called for a ship-borne invasion at the old colonial city of Trinidad, Cuba. Trinidad had good port facilities, and arguably was close to much existing counter-revolutionary activities. The CIA later proposed alternative plans, and on March 11, 1961 President Kennedy and his cabinet selected the Bay of Pigs option. Dur ing the invasion Kennedy decided not to send the air support to Cuba, for it would cause Soviet Russia to believe the United States was only a vicious world leader, giving them liable reason to attack America. However troops did not respond well to Kennedys decision since Castro took that moment to capture U.S. Military officials. The catastrophe was solely blamed on the president at the time. Like several times in history, the United States claimed it was their duty to set democratic policies in the small but important country; spreading a peaceful and efficient government gave people equal rights and laws all the while separating the elite government officials from the common population. Furthermore Castro would be unable to harm the people of Cuba if he were no longer in power, thus decreasing the illegal immigration from Cuba to America. As far as the United States was concerned it was necessary for the invasion to set some standards of living in the troubled country. However like all wars or arguments there is an opposing side and Cuba was not concerned with the same matter. Castro was furious his own people were invading their homeland. Unfortunately because he was the highest authority at the time, he initially ordered those few individuals to be exiled. The people of Cuba wanted freedom and support from a government that was anything but just. The communist country made no attempts to help its people , when concerned with gaining higher power. Castro was looked down upon as a dictator of the time despite his disapproval of dictatorships. The Cuban government order of battle is unclear and subject to dispute, although most sources generally credit Fidel Castro with centrally directing the overall strategy from Havana. Today the Bay of Pigs invasion is once again looked through two different perspectives. The United States is content in believing their decision to invade was correct and history has obviously repeated itself with the recent war in Irag and the decision to invade Pakistan. However there are several controversial theories claiming President Kennedy did not in fact order the cease of the air support. Many historians believe the CIA went against official government orders and took it upon themselves to delay the message to aircraft transporters. John F. Kennedy may simply be the innocent by-standard that issued a command that small, tangent groups refused to follow. The argument once again has an opposition, and Castro-followers believe Kennedy and Castro might have been in a secret society together; somewhat of a masonic cult of their own. Conspiracies continue to arise throughout our modern historical perspectives yet our history cannot be rerecorded. Of course relations between the United States and Cuba only became worse with the Cuban Missile Crisis and extend to sour interactions into present day history. Today Cuba and America are far from cooperating neighbors and the battle continues. Until Castros recent exit from the Cuban government office in 2008 and the reelection of the United States President, both nations have constantly vowed to fight until the end. We ceased trade with Cuba while they released all of their fugitive prisoners to contribute to the illegal immigration overload in America. They have waged vengeance upon each other like angry siblings without parental supervision. Even as a leading world power the American government has done little to compromise and solve the international affairs. With the hope of a new government in control of both countries, the history is at chance to change for the better and one day prosper as an ally.

Damning Of The Masses Essay -- essays research papers

Damning of the Masses   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  That if you confess with your mouth, â€Å"Jesus is Lord,† and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  you will be saved. --Romans 10: 9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the time we are small children sitting in Sunday school not able to fully grasp the love of God that we sing simple songs about, we are taught that Jesus was sent to earth to love us no matter what. The Puritan congregation listening to Jonathan Edwards’ sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God in 1741 were not being taught of this wonderful gift. Though Edwards’ intentions were sincere and good, he put far too much emphasis on the side of judgment that is to be greatly softened by the lesson of love Christ came to earth to make known. This made his invitation to salvation very appealing, but only through the avenue of fear of what might happen otherwise, not through sincere love for Christ. Because of this, Edwards’ call to Christianity and repentance is not complete.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Edwards’ sermon, emphasis is placed on what will happen if we do not put Christ on in baptism, enslaving ourselves to sin. He uses the fear of God that is emphasized so much in the Bible and twists it just a bit. The fear we are...

Social Costs To Those Entering Gender-Specific Sports :: Sociology Essays Research Papers

Social Costs To Those Entering Gender-Specific Sports not Their Own I was part of the wrestling team when I was in middle school and in high school. While in middle school, the wrestling coaches were supportive of me and the other four girls on the team. We were trained as if we were men and competed with other team members. One girl was even cut from the team for not keeping up with the training that was expected of all team members. The other coaches in the school were not as supportive. P.E. teachers that were once friendly to the five of us became aloof and discriminatory. Students – other athletes, some on the wrestling team – taunted us. We five women on the wrestling team found we were no longer accepted by teachers and friends. We were never told that this change in attitude towards us was directly caused by our participation in a man's sport, but wrestling seems to be the only reason five women of different race, religion, and social grouping would have undergone such an experience. My teammates and I were outcast by many of our peers and punished in our classes by some of our teachers for participating in a non-traditional sport for women. When I received a wrestling injury that ended my wrestling season, I was still outcast because I carried the stigma of being a wrestler. In high school, I did not try out for the wrestling team until my sophomore year because I was afraid of the social implications that joining the wrestling team had. When I did try out with a friend in our second year of high school, we were accepted onto the team automatically so that our school could compete on the female level. We were not supported by the coaches or any of our teammates and were forced to sit out during trials. Off of the wrestling mat, we did not face any social repercussions for wrestling. Then again, we were not wrestling. We were not trained, we were not expected to weigh in, we were not a part of the team. In both middle school and high school, the social benefit would have been acceptance of female wrestlers and propagation of competitive female wrestling. My friends and I failed in both situations and suffered socially in one way or another for our efforts as a group.

The Industrial Revolutions: The effects on Europe and the World :: European Europe History

The Industrial Revolutions: The effects on Europe and the World The Industrial Revolution affected life in Europe during the 19th century very greatly. Cities in Great Britain were growing rapidly, this was known as urbanization. Many cities such as Glasgow and Berlin more than doubled in size. The Industrial Revolution was having a positive affect on Great Britain. From the outpour of people into cities looking for work, things were so rapidly paced that there was no order in these cities. Unsanitary and unsafe buildings were being built all over to home all of the workers. There was less than adequate education and police protection for the ever-growing population. Many people had to live in shelters due to the lack of housing; many families lived in a single room. Many people died of cholera from the poor living and working conditions. The main goal that factory owners wanted was to keep their production a constant, working for the better part of a day. Since the owners wanted to save as much money as possible, the factories were rarely cleaned or well lit. Coalmines posed the biggest danger from the constant inhalation of coal dust and the collapse of the mines. Workers had a life expectancy 10 years less than of another worker. Even though the Industrial revolution brought problems to life quickly, through the long run a number of positive effects arose. It provided jobs for workers and it aided in technological progress and invention. It raised the standard of living from increased production of good and it in the improvement in people's lives. Better housing and cheaper mass-produced clothing helped people become healthier. From the strong demand of engineer's and professional workers, education became very profuse. For the lower class workers of the Industrial Revolution, their life slowly but surely improved during the 19th century, through earning higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions.

Quantum Software Case Study Essay

Quantum Software is a fairly new organization â€Å"No ties, no suits coats, first name only† that was founded by Stan Albright and Erin Barber. The company develops computer software specifically oriented to the needs of independent oil businesses. They’ve had a lot of success over the past 3years and are growing fairly fast. Quantum has gained over 200 employees and has made about 95 million dollars in sales. Currently, Employees at Quantum Software work 16 hour days 6 days a week. In order to keep the morel and sprit up, Quantum recognizes that their employees have been working extra hard and they want to compensate them by having a weekly â€Å"Beer Bust† party. Bill Carter, the corporate attorney, doesn’t agree with the â€Å"beer bust† idea. Instead he believes that serving alcohol at a company’s sponsor party can be a big liability to Quantum. A â€Å"beer bust† sounds fun and relaxing. However Bill Carter makes a good point, serving alcohol at a company’s sponsor party can be a huge liability on the company’s future. Recently an employee by the name of John Hooker lost his balance and fell on the snack table during one of the â€Å"beer bust† events. Luckily John didn’t get hurt. When having these types of events the company cannot guarantee that a person like John will not over drink and possibly drive home drunk and cause a serious accident. These are all things that Quantum needs to take into consideration. Accidents happen all the time and Quantum needs be aware that these â€Å"beer bust† can be a great liability to the company. I can understand that Quantum wants to reward their employees for their hard work. Working long days 6 days a week can get over whelming. What Quantum needs to do is analyze the situation. The company is growing really fast and they need more people. Hiring more programmers can help balance their work load making 8 hour days 5 days a week possible. I don’t think that having a weekly â€Å"beer bust† is a permanent solution. It is obvious that employees at Quantum like to be recognized for their accomplishments and hard work however in the beginning of the case study is it mention the most of the employees drop in to â€Å"unwind† to these â€Å" beer bust† events. Most, meaning that not everyone who works at Quantum shows up or participates in these† beer bust† parties. What I would recommend quantum to do at this point is to pass out an employee surveys and ask their employees what they want or prefer. Some employees might not like the type of environment and rather spend their free time doing something else. Others might like the idea of working fewer hours and having weekends off as a reward. An employee survey can actually help the company out by providing feedback and letting the company know what they like and dislike. The â€Å"beer bust† events have been going on for a while and have become a sort of a company’s tradition. I’m not saying to eliminate the whole â€Å"beer bust† events. The â€Å"beer bust† parties can be a great way to socialize, relax and unwind. Having social events like these can help co workers become closer and share ideas and knowledge which can be beneficial to the company. If Quantum decides to continued the â€Å"beer bust â€Å"parties, what needs to be done is that they need to need to get with Bill carter, the corporate attorney and come up ways to handle a situation if it occurs. Limiting the number of beers a person can have at each event can help by not over drinking or by providing some sort of transportation such as bus or taxi to take employees back home after a â€Å"beer bust† event. These are rules that can be implemented by the company in order to not only save Quantum from a future law suit but also to save a life. The fact that both Eric and Stan are not really listening to Bill’s concerns can and will affect the company’s future. Bill is the corporate attorney and he knows the law. I would recommend bill to talk to both Eric and Stan another day. Eric and Stan are in a relax mode at this point probably had a few drinks or two and might not think that what Bill has to say is quite as important as it really is. Scheduling a meeting with both Eric and Stan and going over what can happen if they don’t start implanting rules.

Comparing Literature Poems

â€Å"HAVISHAM† In the poem â€Å"Havisham†, Carol Ann Duffy presents the subject of this poem as an old, embittered woman with â€Å"ropes on the back of her hands†, while Browning presents the subject of his poem as a strong and determined but very jealous and embittered young woman. The poem is written in the first person in the form of a dramatic monologue, â€Å"The Laboratory† by Robert Browning is also written in this form. Miss Havisham is aware of her own stink – because she does not ever change her clothes or wash. She stays in bed and screams in denial.At other times she looks and asks herself â€Å"who did this† to her? She sometimes dreams almost tenderly or erotically of her lost lover, but when she wakes the hatred and anger return. Thinking of how she â€Å"stabbed at the wedding cake† she now wants to work out her revenge on the lover that betrayed her. Parent/Child Relationship Compare the ways parent/child relationsh ips are represented in ‘Before You Were Mine' by Carol Ann Duffy and three other poems, one by Simon Armitage and any two from the Pre-1914 Poetry Bank.The relationship between a parent and a child can bring about any of a range of emotions. In ‘The Affliction of Margaret', we see a parent's desperation at not hearing from her missing son in seven years, while in ‘On my first Sonne', the poet bids farewell to his dead son. In ‘Before You Were Mine', the poet describes the effect her own birth had on the lifestyle of her mother, whereas ‘My father thought it bloody queer' describes a strained relationship between father and son.The differing structures of the poems affect their impact. Wordsworth's structure for ‘The Affliction of Margaret' consists of eleven verses of seven lines each. How does Ben Jonson use language and structure to convey the message of the poem â€Å"On my first Sonne†? â€Å"On my first Sonne† is a poem where Jo nson describes his reaction to sorrow when his first son dies. Jonson confronts conflict, loss and despair when â€Å"Ben Jonson his best piece of poetrie† was â€Å"exacted by fate, on the just day†.He uses his son as an inspiration in this poem and describes his different stages that he has gone through by using language and structural features in this poem. The structural layout in this poem suggests that a progression of ideas is taking place. The first five lines indicate struggle, conflict, loss and despair. He experiences shock and guilt as he says, â€Å"My sinne was too much hope of thee, loved boy†.

Past Year Paper

CONFIDENTIAL BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENT300/ETR300 SEPTEMBER 2011 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of four (4) parts : PART A (20 Questions) PART B (20 Questions) PART C (5 Questions) PART D (2 Questions) 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A, B, four (4) questions from PART C, and one (1) question from PART D. i) ii) iii) Answer PART A in the True/False Answer Sheet, Answer PART B in the Objective Answer Sheet.Answer PART C and PART D in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) iv) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet – provided by the Faculty a True/False Answer Sheet – provided by the Faculty an Objective Answer Sheet – provide d by the Faculty 4. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 10 printed pages Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 2 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PART A 1. An entrepreneur is described as a person who acts as agent in transforming demand into supply. The statement, â€Å"A entrepreneur is an individual who actively forms or leads his own business and nurtures it for growth and prosperity†, refers to the functional definition of an entrepreneur. In Malaysia, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute about 90% of the total value added in the manufacturing sector.The franchisee is a company which sells the right to another party to operate the franchise business. In a franchise system, the advertising and promotional contribution is a one-off payment made by the franchisee to purchase the right to operate the franchise In Malaysia, the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are commonly registered as sole propri etorship businesses. The affairs of all business entities in Malaysia are governed by the Memorandum and Article of Association.In a partnership business, when there is no written agreement, termination of any partner must be agreed by all partners Under the Industrial Coordination Act (ICA) 1975, every manufacturing company is required to obtain a manufacturing license from Malaysian Industrial Development Authority (MIDA). Preparation of a business plan is a process that involves the identification, analysis and selection of viable business ideas. The executive summary is part of the main body of the business plan. A well prepared operations plan will help the entrepreneur to evaluate market acceptance of the product or service.A â€Å"process chart† refers to a diagram showing the arrangement of machines, equipment, workers and other facilities used in the operations Compilation of geographic, demographic and psychographic factors is a process of market segmentation. The t erm â€Å"target market† refers to the group of customers with needs and wants that can be satisfied by the business through the supply of goods or services. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. It is not mandatory for employers to contribute to the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) as long they have contributed to the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO). Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL 16. CONFIDENTIAL 3 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 17. The nature of industry is normally described in the organization aspect of the business plan. One of the main reasons for preparing a cash flow statement is to determine the expected profit for the planned period. Deposits and pre-operating expenses are examples of expenditure that are required to start a new business. The main objective of Bumiputera Entrepreneurs Retail Project Fund (PROSPER) is to enhance and upgrade Bumiputera entrepreneurs' participation in the retail business. 20 marks) 18. 19. 20.  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 4 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTB 1. Which of the following activities is related to entrepreneurship? A. B. C. D. E. Creation of something new of value Creation of wealth Production of products and services Expansion of business entities All of the above 2. Who described an entrepreneur as a knowledgeable individual and is instrumental in the development of a city-state where enterprise will emerge? B. C. D. E. F. Joseph Schumpeter Adam Smith David McClelland Carl Menger Ibnu Khaldun . Which of the following statements best describes an entrepreneur who has internal locus of control? A. B. C. D. E. He believes that success or failure is determined by his own effort. He believes in himself. He does not belief that success or failure of his venture is determined by fate or luck. He desires to take personal responsibilities. He examines the situation and determine how to increase the chance of winning a business situation 4. The stat ement, â€Å"a successful entrepreneur places the highest priority on getting a job completed†, is associated with: A. B.C. D. E. Commitment to work contract Concern for high quality of work Efficiency orientation Systematic planning Problem solving 5. Which of the following phases of creativity process involves discovery of the idea or solutions to the problems? A. B. C. D. E. Background or knowledge accumulation Incubation process Idea experience Evaluation and implementation None of the above  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 5 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 6. Which of the following is a source of innovation within the company or industry? A. B. C. D. E.Demographic change Incongruities New knowledge Change in consumer preference None of the above 7. Which of the following statements is TRUE about a partnership business? A. B. C. D. A partnership business is incorporated under the Companies Act 1965. A partnership business is incorporated under the Partnership Act 1961. A partnership business is incorporated under the Business Registration Act 1956. A partnership is a legal entity and its identity is separate from the identity of its members. E. The life span of a partnership business is not dependent upon the death or resignation of its members. . Which of the following statements about a private limited company is NOT TRUE? A. A private limited company can take legal action and face legal action under its own name. B. The life span of a private limited company depends upon the death or resignation of its members. C. The liabilities of the members in a private limited company are limited to the total shares contributed to the company's capital. D. A private limited company must have at least two members who are of Malaysian Nationalities. E. The company's shares cannot be transacted through the share market. 9.Which of the following statements is TRUE about a franchise business? A. A franchise is a product and/or service distribution system governed by a contract made between two parties i. e. the franchisor and the franchisee B. A product/trade name franchise is a system where the franchisee acquires sales right which includes the trade name, trademark, and/or products from the franchisor upon the signing of the dealership contract. C. A business format franchise is a system where the franchisee is granted the right to manufacture and market the franchisor's product and/or services using a complete franchisor's business â€Å"set-up†.D. The franchisee is a person who purchases the right from the franchisee to operate the franchise. E. All of the above are true. 10. Which of the entrepreneurs? A. B. C. D. E. following ministries/agencies provides financial assistance for Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA) Malaysian External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE) Malaysian Entrepreneurship Development Centre (MEDEC) Perbadanan Usahawan Nasional Berhad (PUNB). Malaysian Industrial Development Authority (MIDA) CONFIDENTIAL  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL 6 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A. Construction of buildings can only be undertaken with the written approval from Local Authority. B. In setting up a manufacturing business, a planning permission from Local Authority is needed. C. All business licences related to factory premises, advertising signage, storage and canteen must be obtained from Local Authority. D. The environmental control and approval are under the responsibility of Local Authority. E. All of the above are not true. 12. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about a business plan? A.A business plan is a written document that describes the proposed business or project in a comprehensive manner. B. A business plan can be used as a basis for determining the viability of the new business. C. A business plan can be used as a communication tool to convince potential investor s of the viability of the new venture. D. A business plan enables the entrepreneur to distribute business resources more effectively. E. A business plan enables the entrepreneur to evaluate and select a viable business idea. 13. Readers of a business plan include: I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D. E.Employees Investors Suppliers Registrar of Companies II only II and III only I, II and III only I, II, and IV only All of the above 14. Which of the following is an objective of preparing a marketing plan? A. B. C. D. E. To evaluate market acceptance To develop marketing strategies for products or services offered by the business. To identify required resources to execute the marketing strategy. To estimate financial requirements for the marketing activities. All of the above are objectives of preparing a marketing plan.  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 7 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 5. The following factors should be considered when determining distribution stra tegy, EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. Type of product Target market Market share Market coverage. Product standardization 16. Which of the following information should be included in the â€Å"organization† aspect of the business plan? A. Background of the registered owners of the business including their relevant qualifications, skills, experiences, role in business and stake or share in the business. B. Mission statements which describe how entrepreneurs will achieve their purposes in the environments in which they conduct business.C. Nature of the industry, including economic trends, important legal or regulatory issues, and potential risks. D. Product characteristics, distribution, promotion, and pricing strategies. E. Amount of funds needed to run the business, amount available, and amount requested from new sources. 17. Which of the following factors should be considered when choosing suppliers for raw materials? A. B. C. D. E. Quality of the materials supplied Price and discoun t offered Payment and delivery terms Time between orders and delivery All of the above factors should be considered 18.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about a process chart? A. Symbols used in the process chart can also be used in a Job Activity Chart of a worker. B. Process Chart will show the sequence of activities required to produce the product or services. C. In a process chart, â€Å"delay† means the process is delayed because the materials-inprocess are waiting for the next activity. D. The symbol † V † indicates the movement of materials or goods from one place to another. E. The first step in preparing a process chart is to identify all the activities involved to manufacture the product or deliver the services. Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 8 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 19. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. Sources of finance refers to the sources where funds to finance a particular project implementa tion costs can be obtained. B. Internal sources of finance mainly come in the form of cash contributions or other assets from the entrepreneurs. C. External sources of finance are mainly derived from commercial banks, finance companies and government agencies. D. External sources of finance may come in the form of term loans, hire purchase or grants. E. All of the above are true. 0. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Pro forma income statement refers to the projected statement of cash inflow and outflow throughout the planned period. B. Pro forma income statement shows the expected profit or loss for the planned period. C. Pro forma income statement shows the financial position of the business at a specific point in time in terms of assets owned and how those assets are financed. D. Pro forma income statement shows the beginning and ending cash balances for a particular period. E. All of the above are true. (40 marks)  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIAL C ONFIDENTIAL 9 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTC QUESTION 1 Briefly explain five (5) of the personal entrepreneurial competencies (PEC) associated with successful entrepreneurs. (5 marks) QUESTION 2 What are the criteria used to evaluate and select viable entrepreneurial opportunities? (5 marks) QUESTION 3 What are the factors that you need to consider when choosing a location for your business? (5 marks) QUESTION 4 In preparing the organization plan, it is important include the organization structure of the business organization. Briefly explain the various types of organizational structure. 5 marks) QUESTION 5 Briefly discuss the importance of preparing financial plan. (5 marks)  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 10 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTD QUESTION 1 Define the term â€Å"entrepreneurial motivation†. Discuss, with examples, five (5) common characteristics of achievement-oriented entrepreneurs. (20 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain the importance of materials requirement planning. Describe the steps involved in materials requirement planning process. (20 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL Past Year Paper CONFIDENTIAL BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENT300/ETR300 SEPTEMBER 2011 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of four (4) parts : PART A (20 Questions) PART B (20 Questions) PART C (5 Questions) PART D (2 Questions) 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A, B, four (4) questions from PART C, and one (1) question from PART D. i) ii) iii) Answer PART A in the True/False Answer Sheet, Answer PART B in the Objective Answer Sheet.Answer PART C and PART D in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) iv) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet – provided by the Faculty a True/False Answer Sheet – provided by the Faculty an Objective Answer Sheet – provide d by the Faculty 4. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 10 printed pages Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 2 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PART A 1. An entrepreneur is described as a person who acts as agent in transforming demand into supply. The statement, â€Å"A entrepreneur is an individual who actively forms or leads his own business and nurtures it for growth and prosperity†, refers to the functional definition of an entrepreneur. In Malaysia, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute about 90% of the total value added in the manufacturing sector.The franchisee is a company which sells the right to another party to operate the franchise business. In a franchise system, the advertising and promotional contribution is a one-off payment made by the franchisee to purchase the right to operate the franchise In Malaysia, the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are commonly registered as sole propri etorship businesses. The affairs of all business entities in Malaysia are governed by the Memorandum and Article of Association.In a partnership business, when there is no written agreement, termination of any partner must be agreed by all partners Under the Industrial Coordination Act (ICA) 1975, every manufacturing company is required to obtain a manufacturing license from Malaysian Industrial Development Authority (MIDA). Preparation of a business plan is a process that involves the identification, analysis and selection of viable business ideas. The executive summary is part of the main body of the business plan. A well prepared operations plan will help the entrepreneur to evaluate market acceptance of the product or service.A â€Å"process chart† refers to a diagram showing the arrangement of machines, equipment, workers and other facilities used in the operations Compilation of geographic, demographic and psychographic factors is a process of market segmentation. The t erm â€Å"target market† refers to the group of customers with needs and wants that can be satisfied by the business through the supply of goods or services. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. It is not mandatory for employers to contribute to the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) as long they have contributed to the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO). Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL 16. CONFIDENTIAL 3 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 17. The nature of industry is normally described in the organization aspect of the business plan. One of the main reasons for preparing a cash flow statement is to determine the expected profit for the planned period. Deposits and pre-operating expenses are examples of expenditure that are required to start a new business. The main objective of Bumiputera Entrepreneurs Retail Project Fund (PROSPER) is to enhance and upgrade Bumiputera entrepreneurs' participation in the retail business. 20 marks) 18. 19. 20.  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 4 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTB 1. Which of the following activities is related to entrepreneurship? A. B. C. D. E. Creation of something new of value Creation of wealth Production of products and services Expansion of business entities All of the above 2. Who described an entrepreneur as a knowledgeable individual and is instrumental in the development of a city-state where enterprise will emerge? B. C. D. E. F. Joseph Schumpeter Adam Smith David McClelland Carl Menger Ibnu Khaldun . Which of the following statements best describes an entrepreneur who has internal locus of control? A. B. C. D. E. He believes that success or failure is determined by his own effort. He believes in himself. He does not belief that success or failure of his venture is determined by fate or luck. He desires to take personal responsibilities. He examines the situation and determine how to increase the chance of winning a business situation 4. The stat ement, â€Å"a successful entrepreneur places the highest priority on getting a job completed†, is associated with: A. B.C. D. E. Commitment to work contract Concern for high quality of work Efficiency orientation Systematic planning Problem solving 5. Which of the following phases of creativity process involves discovery of the idea or solutions to the problems? A. B. C. D. E. Background or knowledge accumulation Incubation process Idea experience Evaluation and implementation None of the above  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 5 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 6. Which of the following is a source of innovation within the company or industry? A. B. C. D. E.Demographic change Incongruities New knowledge Change in consumer preference None of the above 7. Which of the following statements is TRUE about a partnership business? A. B. C. D. A partnership business is incorporated under the Companies Act 1965. A partnership business is incorporated under the Partnership Act 1961. A partnership business is incorporated under the Business Registration Act 1956. A partnership is a legal entity and its identity is separate from the identity of its members. E. The life span of a partnership business is not dependent upon the death or resignation of its members. . Which of the following statements about a private limited company is NOT TRUE? A. A private limited company can take legal action and face legal action under its own name. B. The life span of a private limited company depends upon the death or resignation of its members. C. The liabilities of the members in a private limited company are limited to the total shares contributed to the company's capital. D. A private limited company must have at least two members who are of Malaysian Nationalities. E. The company's shares cannot be transacted through the share market. 9.Which of the following statements is TRUE about a franchise business? A. A franchise is a product and/or service distribution system governed by a contract made between two parties i. e. the franchisor and the franchisee B. A product/trade name franchise is a system where the franchisee acquires sales right which includes the trade name, trademark, and/or products from the franchisor upon the signing of the dealership contract. C. A business format franchise is a system where the franchisee is granted the right to manufacture and market the franchisor's product and/or services using a complete franchisor's business â€Å"set-up†.D. The franchisee is a person who purchases the right from the franchisee to operate the franchise. E. All of the above are true. 10. Which of the entrepreneurs? A. B. C. D. E. following ministries/agencies provides financial assistance for Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA) Malaysian External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE) Malaysian Entrepreneurship Development Centre (MEDEC) Perbadanan Usahawan Nasional Berhad (PUNB). Malaysian Industrial Development Authority (MIDA) CONFIDENTIAL  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL 6 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A. Construction of buildings can only be undertaken with the written approval from Local Authority. B. In setting up a manufacturing business, a planning permission from Local Authority is needed. C. All business licences related to factory premises, advertising signage, storage and canteen must be obtained from Local Authority. D. The environmental control and approval are under the responsibility of Local Authority. E. All of the above are not true. 12. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about a business plan? A.A business plan is a written document that describes the proposed business or project in a comprehensive manner. B. A business plan can be used as a basis for determining the viability of the new business. C. A business plan can be used as a communication tool to convince potential investor s of the viability of the new venture. D. A business plan enables the entrepreneur to distribute business resources more effectively. E. A business plan enables the entrepreneur to evaluate and select a viable business idea. 13. Readers of a business plan include: I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D. E.Employees Investors Suppliers Registrar of Companies II only II and III only I, II and III only I, II, and IV only All of the above 14. Which of the following is an objective of preparing a marketing plan? A. B. C. D. E. To evaluate market acceptance To develop marketing strategies for products or services offered by the business. To identify required resources to execute the marketing strategy. To estimate financial requirements for the marketing activities. All of the above are objectives of preparing a marketing plan.  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 7 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 5. The following factors should be considered when determining distribution stra tegy, EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. Type of product Target market Market share Market coverage. Product standardization 16. Which of the following information should be included in the â€Å"organization† aspect of the business plan? A. Background of the registered owners of the business including their relevant qualifications, skills, experiences, role in business and stake or share in the business. B. Mission statements which describe how entrepreneurs will achieve their purposes in the environments in which they conduct business.C. Nature of the industry, including economic trends, important legal or regulatory issues, and potential risks. D. Product characteristics, distribution, promotion, and pricing strategies. E. Amount of funds needed to run the business, amount available, and amount requested from new sources. 17. Which of the following factors should be considered when choosing suppliers for raw materials? A. B. C. D. E. Quality of the materials supplied Price and discoun t offered Payment and delivery terms Time between orders and delivery All of the above factors should be considered 18.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about a process chart? A. Symbols used in the process chart can also be used in a Job Activity Chart of a worker. B. Process Chart will show the sequence of activities required to produce the product or services. C. In a process chart, â€Å"delay† means the process is delayed because the materials-inprocess are waiting for the next activity. D. The symbol † V † indicates the movement of materials or goods from one place to another. E. The first step in preparing a process chart is to identify all the activities involved to manufacture the product or deliver the services. Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 8 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 19. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. Sources of finance refers to the sources where funds to finance a particular project implementa tion costs can be obtained. B. Internal sources of finance mainly come in the form of cash contributions or other assets from the entrepreneurs. C. External sources of finance are mainly derived from commercial banks, finance companies and government agencies. D. External sources of finance may come in the form of term loans, hire purchase or grants. E. All of the above are true. 0. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Pro forma income statement refers to the projected statement of cash inflow and outflow throughout the planned period. B. Pro forma income statement shows the expected profit or loss for the planned period. C. Pro forma income statement shows the financial position of the business at a specific point in time in terms of assets owned and how those assets are financed. D. Pro forma income statement shows the beginning and ending cash balances for a particular period. E. All of the above are true. (40 marks)  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIAL C ONFIDENTIAL 9 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTC QUESTION 1 Briefly explain five (5) of the personal entrepreneurial competencies (PEC) associated with successful entrepreneurs. (5 marks) QUESTION 2 What are the criteria used to evaluate and select viable entrepreneurial opportunities? (5 marks) QUESTION 3 What are the factors that you need to consider when choosing a location for your business? (5 marks) QUESTION 4 In preparing the organization plan, it is important include the organization structure of the business organization. Briefly explain the various types of organizational structure. 5 marks) QUESTION 5 Briefly discuss the importance of preparing financial plan. (5 marks)  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 10 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTD QUESTION 1 Define the term â€Å"entrepreneurial motivation†. Discuss, with examples, five (5) common characteristics of achievement-oriented entrepreneurs. (20 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain the importance of materials requirement planning. Describe the steps involved in materials requirement planning process. (20 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

Dr. Gregory House Essay

Dr. Gregory House is the main character in the House television series. He is currently working as the Head of Diagnostic Medicine with a double specialty in infectious disease and nephrology at Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital. He is portrayed as narcissistic, sarcastic, and appears to dislike most people. He prefers superficial relationships with others, sometimes using prostitutes to satisfy his sexual needs. Descriptive Information: Gregory is a 52 year old Caucasian male. He prefers to be called House, as he views being called Greg as too personal. Dr.  House has a permanent disability in his leg. Dead muscle tissue had to be removed and left a divot in the skin. He is also very sensitive about the appearance of his thigh, being badly scarred from multiple operations. He is very reluctant to talk about this disability and is easily offended if it is brought up. House has been in constant pain since the surgery and has become addicted to painkillers. He does not acknowledge his using as a drug problem; he reports it is a pain problem. He states that it does not interfere with his ability to work. At the present time he has been to npatient treatment for detoxification, however still struggles with his addiction. House is above average in his intelligence, having been accepted to John-Hopkins University for his pre-med studies. It is his disregard for ethics and protocol that has caused him problems. He lost an opportunity for an internship at the Mayo Clinic when he was caught cheating and expelled. His inability to work well with others has been a source of employment issues for him in the past. House’s father was a Marine pilot, and he spent most of his childhood moving to different countries. As a result he isolated, and concentrated on a variety of interests. He is fluent in several languages, and plays the piano and guitar. At the age of 12, discovering the timing of his conception did not correlate with a time his father was around, he confronted his parents on the paternity. It was revealed to him that his mother had an affair with the family minister. House feels this was the turning point in his relationship with his father, John. He feels he was mistreated by John for this reason. John was cold and controlling, showing House limited affection. House was rebellious and was often punished harshly both physically and emotionally. House and his mother had a loving relationship, however in his desire to avoid his father he does not have her in his life. Presenting Problems: House’s presenting problems at this time are: his addiction to painkillers, his fear of intimacy, and anti-social traits. He also displays a problem with impulse control. Dr. House states his main reason for using Vicodin was for pain management, however he has admitted to recreational drug use in his past. His dependence has caused him professional problems, getting him into trouble on several occasions. His addiction has also caused him problems with Lisa, the woman he has feelings for. Dr. Lisa Cuddy and House have had an ongoing attraction spanning 25 years. They were beginning to form a relationship when she had a scare with cancer. When House couldn’t face losing her, he turned again to the Vicodin. Lisa ended their relationship when she realized his inability to cope without the use of drugs. Dr. House has been afraid to experience any real closeness to others in his life. He has issues of trust due to his mother’s dishonesty and his father’s distance and hostility towards him. This is the primary source of his fear of intimacy and cynicism. He hides his fears with a narcissistic attitude, and pushes people away instead of exposing any vulnerability. House can be extremely defensive, and it is likely he uses his personality in a deliberate attempt to alienate anyone who tries to get close to him. He is conflicted when facing his feelings for Lisa, while trying to hold onto his belief he is entirely self-sufficient. House has acted on numerous occasions without regard to his health and safety. He also takes his behaviors to the extreme. When Dr. Cuddy starts dating after their reak-up, he reacts by driving his car through her front window. He states his reason as simply â€Å"returning her hairbrush. † He uses himself as a test subject for drugs and medical tests, sometimes just to satisfy his curiosity. He has taken experimental drugs in hopes of restoring his leg muscle, which eventually led to tumors. House has also injected himself with questionable blood received by an ill patient to see if a blood transfusion caused their symptoms. Model: I believe that person-centered therapy would be the model best suited for House. I would also incorporate some cognitive-behavioral techniques. House would not respond well to any theory that is confrontational, he needs to feel in control. I also recognize that although his past plays a big part in why he has relationship issues, he does not seem to want to revisit these occurrences. I believe very little time should be spent on the subject of his parents specifically, with more time spent on how he’s dealing with relationships now. House would be a difficult client to build a therapeutic relationship with; however I do feel it could be done over a period where he felt he was in a safe and non-judgmental environment. He is intelligent and lives to figure out the â€Å"pieces† in difficult medical diagnoses. House may have a little trouble in using this in regards to his own mental health, since he is so enveloped in denial, but he does have the capacity to do so. The person-centered model works on the premises that the client is the expert, and I believe it is one he would respond to best given his personality type. Treatment Goals: House’s primary issue is addiction, and a lack of having a recovery plan. He has been trying to deal with this on his own terms, and has had relapses. His untreated condition contributes to his anti-social personality, interferes with his relationships, and causes issues at work. I feel his other presenting problems can never be fully addressed until he can gain control over his addictive behaviors. Until he comes to terms with his addiction, he will remain isolated and continue to be self-destructive. Dr. House needs to address his difficulty with any type of relationship. It is apparent at times that he does have the capacity and this facet of him is not part of a personality disorder. He displays a need for people despite his not wanting to. He shows jealousy when Lisa dates others and does has a close friendship with Dr. James Wilson from the hospital. Dr. Wilson provides House with consultation about cases, and often personal issues. James is one of the few who can away with calling House out on behaviors. They sometimes have real moments on a deeper level, and at times they can let go and share laughs. House has displayed many instances of problematic impulse-control. He has experimented with Methadone, self-induced insulin shock, and tried deep brain stimulation with an electrical prod. The electrical current caused him seizures, brain leeding, and ultimately led to him being in a coma. He often shows no regard for his well-being. Once in an agitated state, he dove from a balcony into a pool. These behaviors horrify others around him. Techniques: The person-centered therapy is flexible enough to be adapted to most personalities. I feel a technique building a person profile would help House to address his addiction issues and in building a plan. This would begin with listing his attributes and strengths. Learning what is likable and worthy about himself, instead of focusing on negatives, will present to him a view of himself in wish he wants to be seen. Next he should verbalize what is important to him. Having clear, concrete thinking on what he wants in his life can help when addressing what his drug use will take away from him, and how it is a barrier in achieving his desired outcome. Finally House should look at what has been working and what is not working as support in his life. This includes relationships, both ones that may be unhealthy and those he needs to build. Recovery is greatly impacted by support systems. These can include relationships on a personal level, and outside support groups. House needs to consider what should be changed, what should stay the same, and what makes sense as far as being realistic. Rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) could be beneficial to House in dealing with his fear of intimacy. The basic hypothesis is that people are not disturbed by events, but by the views in which they take on them. Therapy would dispute his irrational beliefs and engage him in activities that can counter them. Showing House the faulty belief system he imposes on everyone he meets, he can begin to work on seeing how his actions are self-sabotaging. If he can really grasp how his beliefs are blocking him, he can find ways to change and control them. It will help him to communicate more effectively with others. I believe social skill groups could help House with his impulse-control. Group therapies help with accountability of the behavior, and provide for feedback. This therapy is a powerful venue for growth and change. Participants receive tremendous understanding, support, and encouragement from others facing similar issues. House could also gain different perspectives, ideas, and viewpoints on those issues. I feel a variance outside of one-on-one would be beneficial for House. As narcissistic as he can be, I think too much attention to solely his issues at once would force him to become more defensive and less open to treatment. Assessment: House’s treatment goals will take some time to be actualized. Addiction is rooted not only in behaviors, but also his biology. He will need to have some strong support built in along with coping skills. Given the fact relationships with others need to exist for the support to be effective, these treatment goals are dependent on one another. His treatment with addiction will not show promise until a minimum of a year without use has been met, and regular involvement in a self-help group has been established. I do not expect House to develop newer relationships at this time; however I will gauge his success in fostering his existing ones. His changes should include learning how to express his feelings maturely, and learning to give of himself without the use of sarcasm to hide when it feels uncomfortable. There is also a strong correlation between addiction and impulse-control, by identifying coping skills for urges, House could utilize some of these with his behaviors. In addition, low self-esteem can be part of the problem in engaging in such dangerous and high risk activities. House needs to address both his physical condition that causes him embarrassment, and his abandonment issues with his family. I feel as time goes on, and he gives recovery and relationships with others a chance, he will begin to see himself as a person worth caring for. Once he begins to feel that he is valuable and deserving of love from others, he should be able to accept this within himself. It is my hope through those changes his disregard for his safety will dissipate.

Outline the psychometric approach to recruitment and selection. In Essay

Outline the psychometric approach to recruitment and selection. In what ways has this been challenged - Essay Example This paper gives an overview and description of the recruitment and selection process along with a description of the psychometric approach, its benefits and challenges. Main Body Recruitment and Selection Hiring a competent workforce has become quintessential in the midst of uncertainty in external environment, particularly changing customer expectations. Because of this, psychosocial considerations, which includes differences regarding the abilities, motivations, personality and emotions of individuals, are being taken into account while finding the correct fit for the organisation. Torrington, Hall & Taylor (2007) define recruitment as being either internal ( that is hiring of people from within the organisation ) or external (which involves advertising, approaching recruitment agencies, developing corporate websites that accept applications, using newspapers and trade press and various other methods). Furthermore, Newell defines recruitment as being a process that attracts people who possess the attributes that are necessary to perform the job (Newell 2005). Generally, promotion, retirement, transfer, redundancy and technological or customer changes drive the recruitment process (Watson 1994). While recruitment generates the pool of capable applicants that may apply to the organisation, selection involves determining the â€Å"right piece that fits correctly in the jigsaw puzzle†. Herriot (1984) defines the selection process as a social exchange whereby mutual exchange of information takes place between the company and its candidates. Organisations are, therefore, required to shape their expectations depending on the candidate’s personal experience rather than the other way round (Herriot 1984). Selection methods have further been defined as consisting of application forms, interviews as well as tests of which psychometric tests are a part. Traditionally, the recruitment process would be a three-step process involving the development of job de scription, job analysis and finally job specification (Torrington, Hall & Taylor, 2007). The last stage would require determining the human attributes that are necessary to perform the job (Marchington & Wilkinson 2000). Frameworks such as the Seven-Point Plan developed by Roger and the fivefold system of grading laid down by Munro-Fraser comprised of assessing the individual’s impact on others along with his/her qualifications, abilities, motivation and emotional strength (Taylor 2000). Both these models increasingly relied on human judgment which could be highly subjective and prone to bias. This led to the development of a competency-based approach to recruitment whereby the focus shifted on individual qualities to competencies required on the job (Newell 2005) (Redman & Wilkinson 2009). Furthermore, it was realised that traditional approaches assumed fixed personalities which was a self-defeating assumption as far as the candidate’s fit with the organisation was co ncerned. This led to the shift towards the psychometric approach whereby individual differences were recognised. The term psychometrics is merely an abbreviated version of â€Å"psychological measurement†. In other words, it attempts to measure psychological traits of individuals such as their intelligence, attitudes, personality and attributes. According to a research conducted by CIPD, approximately 45% of

Formal Letter to the legislative representative Essay

Formal Letter to the legislative representative - Essay Example An earlier proposed bill in California also supported this bill and had a similar agenda to this bill. Following the rising reports published by the American Psychological Association, which determined that minors were accessing conversion therapies in the State of California, Senator Ted W. Lieu drafted a bill that sought to ban the therapies owing to their severe side effects on minors. Several facilities in the country offer such to adults who willingly seek the services. The service providers thus explain the potential ramifications of changing one’s sexuality. Studies proved that the sexual orientation efforts often had negative effects on children. Such effects included confusion, depression and substance abuse at some levels. Therefore owing to the adverse effects that are associated with the sexual conversion therapies that are currently targeting the minors, we proposed the bill that seeks to have proper guidance in the policies ascribed to in the practices. As indica ted in our proposed bill, the main aims of the bill is to have sanity restored in the medical and legal system concerning protection of the rights of the minors while upholding ethical practices within the society. Children have always been the major target of sexual abuses over ages with children being assaulted owing to their vulnerability. Despite the great psychological as well as physical suffering that children suffer, undergo through due to sexual exploitation, the orientation therapies have increased to this suffering in targeting the minors more. The practices are not only exploitative but also unethical and hence needs to be opposed with all seriousness possible. It was in the position that the bill was drafted in order to have a voice against such vices in the society. Among other recommendations of the bill were the serious disciplinary and corrective measures to be enforced towards such perpetrators who are guilty of breaking the law when the bill is enacted.